初一英语语法

初一英语语法
初一英语语法
?初一英语语法:
  看会这个比什么都强

  初中英语词组总结

  1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump

  2 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样

  3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人

  5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界

  7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去

  the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树

  8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的

  10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book

  11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么

  12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事

  13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen

  14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始

  15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day

  16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候

  17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信

  eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test

  18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时

  19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing

  20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing

  21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : Im afraed to go out at night Im afraid of dog

  22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么

  eg: Im allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视

  23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Dont be angry with me

  24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气

  25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高

  26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开

  29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好

  30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……

  32 be careful 当心;小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样

  34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好

  36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing Does he come from Bejing

  37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water

  38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原) 将来时

  40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……

  41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English

  42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事

  43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处

  eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处

  Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处

  44 be in good health 身体健康

  45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble

  46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣

  47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到

  48 be like 像…… eg : Im like my mother

  49 be mad at 生某人的气

  50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)

  51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定

  53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎

  55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰

  57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you

  59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you

  61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : Hes strict in obeying noles

  62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格

  63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么

  65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well

  67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: Im sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)

  68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: Im suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试

  69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语

  70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事

  72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事

  eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉

  74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句

  76 because+句子 because of +短语

  eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache

  77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么

  eg : Lets begin the game with the song I begin to go home

  78 between…and… 两者之间

  79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西

  eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen

  80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同

  81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth

  eg : Im sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station

  我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站

  the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了

  Hes bothering me to lend him money

  82 by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang

  84 care 关心 eg : Dont you care about this countrys future 你为什么不关心国家的未来

  85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地

  87 come in 进88 come over to 过来

  89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗?

  90 communicate with sb 和某人交流

  91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?

  92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞

  93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好

  96 do wrong 做错 97 Dont forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Dont mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……

  99 each +名(单)每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢 102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么

  106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样

  108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing(名词)

  110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Dont forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her

  113 get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了)

  Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)

  114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好

  116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻119 get sb to do sth

  120 get…from… 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall

  122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳

  124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of

  126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学) 127 good way to 好方法

  128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事

  129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈

  131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since

  132 have been to …( 地方)……去过某过地方 have gone to …(地方) 去了某地还没回来

  133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做

  eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做

  135 have to do sth 必须做某事

  136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦

  137 have…time +doing

  138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假

  139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事

  140 help a lot 很大用处

  141 help sb with sth ones sth 帮助某人某事(某方面) help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事

  142 hope to do sth 希望做某事

  143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)

  144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法

  145 if : 是否=wether

  eg: I dont know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会

  He dont know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达

  146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句

  eg: Ill go to LuZhou if it doest rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州

  If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的

  Ill go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国

  147 in ones opinion = sb think 某人认为

  148 in some ways 在某些方面

  149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后

  150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东 )

  151 in the sun 在太阳下

  152 increase 增加

  eg : Theyve increased the prece of petrol by 3们把石油价增加了3the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now

  153 instead of +(名 ) 代替

  eg: Id like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果,而不要梨子

  I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学

  154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍

  155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事

  156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间

  eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook

  157 Its +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样

  158 Its +adj +to do 做某事怎么样

  159 Its +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 Its +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样

  160 Its +adj(for sb) to do(对某人来说) 做某事怎么样 Its +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样

  eg : Its nice of you to help me with my English

  161 Its a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意

  162 Its important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: Its important to me

  163 Its time to do sth Its time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间

  eg : Its time to have class Its time for class 该去上课了

  1.there be 句型“有”指“某地有某物”形式:there is, there are

  例:there is some food in the fridge。冰箱里有一些食物。

  there are many books on the desk. 桌上有许多书。

  区分:there is 用于修饰单数名词和不可数名词,例如:a book , an egg, milk, ice-cream …….

  there are 用来修饰可数名词复数

  如果要表达某处没有某物则要用there be 句型的否定形式,即在therebe 后加not ,即 there benot

  形式:there is not (there isnt) there are not (therearent)

  例: there isnt any milk in a glass。

  there arent any vegetables in thefridge.

  若表示是否有,则要用 there be 句型的疑问句即把be 提前 be there 形式 is there, are there

  例:is there any milk in the glass

  are there any vegetables in the fridge

  注意:这里涉及some any 的用法 some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是在表示请求的

  疑问句中,是想要得到肯定答复的,要用some。例:wouldyou like some milk

  对于there be 疑问句的回答:肯定:yes,thereisare. no,there isntarent.

  2.havehas got 有指某人有某物

  例:i have a dog.我有一只狗。

  he has a sister and a brother.他有一个姐姐和一个弟弟。

  区分:have has: have用来修饰第一人称和第二人称和第三人称复数(i ,we ,they) has用来修饰第三人称单数(she, he , it )

  若表示某人没有某物,则要用否定形式,即在havehas got 后加not 即have not (havent)got ,has not

  (hasnt)got.

  例:i havent got a sister but i have a brother.

  she hasnt got bright eyes and long hairs.

  某人是否有某物则要用havehas got的疑问形式,havehas+sb.sth. + got

  have they got a picnic at weekends

  has thedog got a host family(寄宿家庭)

  寄宿制家庭,就是留学生住在当地人家了,有提供伙食或不提供两种,房租较高,适合高中生去寄宿!

  回答:肯定:yes, i we hey have. yes , she he it has.

  否定:no , i we they havent. no, she he ithasnt.

  注意:there be 和 have got 的区别两者虽都指有,但侧重点不同。

  例:《1》there are some food in the fridge.

  the fridge has got some food.

  虽然都是“冰箱里有食物”但(1)句侧重于食物,(2)句侧重于冰箱。

  3.be(am is are)

  用法:我用am 你用are, is连着她他它,单数用is,复数用are

  例:i am a student. she is a beautiful girl. he is a child. it is a dog.

  you are my teacher. they are my friends, the boys all are england.

  be 的否定形式直接加not 即 am not, are not , is not.

  例:i am not an english. i am chinese.

  she isnt kind. they arent my friends.

  疑问形式把be提前即 be+ 主语……?

  例:is he your father

  are they going to have a party

  回答:肯定:yes, i am. yes,she he it is. yes , you we they are.

  否定: no, iam not. no, she he it isnt. no ,you we they arent.

  be的句式,所用情况:

  1》be + 形容词(adj.). 例:i am very happy.

  2> be+ 名词(n.) 例:he is a boy.

  3> be + 介词短语 例:she is inthe school.

  4> be+形容词短语 例:he is only 11 years old.

  5> be+ 副词 例:class is over.

  4. 情态动词 can

  can 可以能够,表示某人能做某事用法:can+v.原不能做某事,则用can 的否定形式:

  cannot (cant)+v.原

  can没有人称和数的变化,因此谁能(不能)做某事都能用can

  若表示某人是否能做某事则要用can 的疑问形式,即can+sb.……?

  例:i can speak chinese. i cant speak english. can you speak english

  he can swim but he cant play football.

  can she play the piano

  疑问句回答:肯定:yes, i she you he it hey we can.

  否定:no, i she he it you we they cant.

  注意:can 表示“能力”时,指现在的能力,并不指过去或将来的能力。

  5 .情态动词would 想主要用于 would you like to …句型中,表示邀请。

  例:would you like to go to school with me

  回答一般有两种形式:1 表示愿意:id like love to. 2 拒绝:sorry, 原因。

  注意:wouldlike to 本身并不表示邀请,而是想要。例:i would like to some books.

  另外,表示邀请还能说:lets…… shall we…… what howabout…….

  还要注意邀请时询问信息的表达方式:1)询问时间:when is… 2) 询问地点: where is….

  6 行为动词的一般现在时(根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。行为动词也叫实义动词,比如eat,sleep,行为动词后面只能副词修饰

  系动词比如seem,be动词,可以用形容词,

  用法:

  1.如果表示某人经常性或习惯性做某事,则要用行为动词的一般现在时

  he goes to school every day.

  they eat dinner in the evening.

  2.若表示某人现在的动态,也可用一般现在时。

  i know him very well. 我和他很熟。

  he likes english very much. 他非常喜欢英语。

  若表示否定意义,若主语是第一人称或第二人称或第三人称复数,只要在谓语动词后加not,即donot(dont) ,若主语是第三人称单数,则要在谓语动词后加does not (doesnt)

  例:i dont go to school every day.

  she doesnt goes to the shop every day.

  you don t sing vell well.

  若表示是否经常做某事则要用疑问意义,将do does 提前即可

  例:do you write acomposition every day 你每天写一篇作文吗?

  does it smell good 它闻起来很香吗?

  注意:行为动词的一般现在时中涉及了频度副词,用法:用于行为动词之前,be动词之后

  常见的频度副词有:often,always, usually, never, seldom,sometimes等

  7.变法总结

  名词变复数(1)一般在词尾加-s 例词:bags, vegetables , books

  (2)以s , x , ch , sh 结尾的加-es 例词: watches , boxes , buses , brushes

  (3)以o 结尾的加-es 例词:heroes 英雄 negroes 黑人 tomatoes西红柿 potatoes 土豆

  (4)以o 结尾的加-s 例词:zoos , zeros

  (5) 以辅音字母+y 结把y 变 i 加-es 例词:baby——babies ,city——cities

  (6)以 f 或 fe 结尾,把f 或 fe变成 -ves 例词: life——lives

  第三人称单数变化形式和名词变复数变化形式相同。

  相信是最齐全,最权威的答案:一. 词汇

  ⑴ 单词

  1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of

  1). in表示”在……中”, “在……内”。例如:

  in our class 在我们班上

  in my bag 在我的书包里

  in the desk 在桌子里

  in the classroom 在教室里

  2). on 表示”在……上”。例如:

  on the wall 在墙上

  on the desk 在桌子上

  on the blackboard 在黑板上

  3). under表示”在……下”。例如:

  under the tree 在树下

  under the chair 在椅子下

  under the bed 在床下

  4). behind表示”在……后面”。例如:

  behind the door 在门后

  behind the tree 在树后

  5). near表示”在……附近”。例如:

  near the teacher’s desk 在讲桌附近

  near the bed 在床附近

  6). at表示”在……处”。例如:

  at school 在学校

  at home 在家

  at the door 在门口

  7). of 表示”……的”。例如:

  a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画

  a map of China 一张中国地图

  2. 冠词 a / an / the:

  冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple.

  a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。

  This is a cat.

  这是一只猫。

  It’s an English book.

  这是一本英语书。

  His father is a worker.

  他的爸爸是个工人。

  the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。

  Who’s the boy in the hat

  戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?

  —— What can you see in the classroom

  —— I can see a bag.

  —— Where’s the bag

  —— It’s on the desk.

  ——- 你能在教室里看到什么呀?

  —— 我能看见一个书包。

  —— 书包在哪呀?

  —— 在桌子上。

  3.some和any

  ①在肯定句中用some.例如:

  There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。

  Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。

  ②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如:

  Is there any ink in your pen你的钢笔里有墨水吗?

  Do you have any brothers and sisters你有兄弟姐妹吗?

  There isn’t any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。

  ⑵记住它们的特殊用法。

  ①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。例如:

  Would you like to have some apples你想吃苹果吗?

  ②any也可用于肯定句中,表示”任何的”。例如:

  Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。

  some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。

  4.family

  family看作为一个整体时,意思是”家庭”,后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。

  My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。

  My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。

  Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指”家”、”房屋”,侧重居住的建筑本身。

  His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。

  My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。

  He isn’t at home now. 他现在不在家。

  It’s a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。

  5. little的用法

  a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。

  *但little还可表示否定意义,意为”少的”,加不可数名词。

  There is little time. 几乎没时间了。

  There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。

  ⑵ 词组

  on the desk 在桌子上

  behind the chair 在椅子后

  under the chair 在椅子下面

  in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中

  near the door 在门附近

  a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片

  look at the picture 看这张图片

  the teacher’s desk 讲桌

  a map of China 一张中国地图

  family tree 家谱

  have a seat 坐下,就坐

  this way 这边走

  二. 日常用语

  1. Come and meet my family.

  2. Go and see. I think it’s Li Lei.

  3. Glad to meet you.

  4. What can you see in the picture

  I can see a clock / some books.

  5. Can you see an orange

  Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.

  6. Where’s Shenzhen

  It’s near Hong Kong.

  7. Let me see.(口语)让我想想看。

  see 在这是”明白、懂了”,不可译作”看见”。例如:

  8. Please have a seat.

  seat表示”座位”,是个名词。have a seat表示”就坐”,也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。

  三. 语法

  1. 名词格

  名词如要表示与后面名词的关系,通常用名词格的形式,意为”……的”。一般有以下几种形式:

  (1). 一般情况下在词尾加”‘s”。例如:

  Kate’s father Kate的爸爸

  my mother’s friend 我妈妈的朋友

  (2). 如果复数名词以s结尾,只加”‘”。例如:

  Teachers’ Day 教师节

  The boys’ game 男孩们的游戏

  (3). 如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加”‘s”。例如:

  Children’s Day 儿童节

  Women’s Day 妇女节

  (4). 表示两个或几个共有时,格应加在后一个名词上。例如:

  Lucy and Lily’s room Lucy 和Lily的房间

  Kate and Jim’s father Kate 和Jim的爸爸

  动物和无生命事物的名词的格一般不在词尾加”‘s”,而常常用介词of的短语来表示。

  a map of China 一幅中国地图

  the name of her cat 她的猫的名字

  a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片

  the door of the bedroom 卧室的门

  2. 祈使句

  祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。

  (1). 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。

  Go and see. 去看看。

  Come in, please. 请进。

  (2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don’t于句首。

  Don’t look at your books. 不要看书。

  Don’t play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。

  3. There be 的句子结构

  There be是一个”存在”句型,表示”有”的意思,

  肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。

  be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为”某地有某人或某物”。如:

  There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。

  There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。

  (1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。

  否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。

  There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。

  There aren’t any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。

  (2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn’t / aren’t.

  —Is there a dog in the picture 画上有一只狗吗?

  —Yes, there is. 有。

  —Are there any boats in the river 河里有船吗?

  —No, there aren’t. 没有。

  (3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)?”某地有多少人或物?”回答用There be . . .

  There’s one. / There are two / three / some . . .

  有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .

  —How many students are there in the classroom 教室里有多少学生?

  —There’s only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。

  (4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语?

  How much water is there in the cup 杯中有多少水?

  How much food is there in the bowl 碗里有多少食物?希望对你的学习有帮助!望本回答内容!

  初一都是些简单的语句吧,不太涉及语法啊,最多是现在进行时吧!

  http://www.xuexiku.cn/htm_qnj/qnjyy/xxzd/20081215/15185_2.html

  http://tieba.baidu.com/fkz=594839311

  网上有很多的,推荐你看下~

  1.一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句的构成主语+be(not)+其他成分主语+do(not)+其他成分be(not)+主语+其他成分/do(not)+主语+do+其他成分2.一般现在时的用法:a.表示目前存在的状态、性质或经常发生的动作或习惯。b.表示客观事实或者真理。一般过去时是表示在过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态的时态。一般过去时用动词的过去式,通常带有表示过去的时间状语的词、词组或从句,如yesterday,last week,two days ago等,上下文时间概念清楚时,可以不带时间状语。1.一般过去时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句的构成主语+be的过去式+其他成分主语+do的过去式+其他成分be的过去式+主语+其他成分/do的过去式+主语+do+其他成分2.一般过去时的用法a.过去发生的动作或存在的状态.b.在过去一段时间内,经常或习惯性的动作.c.在时间状语和条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时代替过去将来时.现在完成时表示:过去开始发生的动作或存在的情况,一直延续到现在。例如:I have worked for 3 years.我已经工作三年了。常于现在完成时连用的时间状语有since,for等引导的短语;副词already,yet,just,never,ever,before,lately,recently等;状语词组this week(morning,month,year),so far,up to now,many times, up to the present等。1.现在完成时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句的构成主语+have(not)+V-ed+其他Have+主语+V-ed+其他2.现在完成时的用法a.过去开始发生的动作或存在的状况,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。b.表示过去已经完成的动作,对现在造成的影响。c.过去发生的动作,到现在为止只一时段中,多次动作的总和或所做工作量的积累。注意非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换!现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。1.现在进行时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句的构成主语+be(not)+doing+其他be(not)+主语+doing+其他2.现在进行时的用法a.说话时正在发生或进行的动作。b.先阶段正在进行的动作,不一定表示说话时这个动作正在进行。c.根据计划或安排,在最近将要进行的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。d.表示反复出现的习惯性动作;表示说话人的赞扬、遗憾、讨厌、不满等情感.

  去买语法书准又不贵

  七年级下册英语语法点总结(1)

  分类:英语学习

  Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from

  一.短语:

  1 .be from = come from 来自于—-

  2. live in 居住在—

  3. on weekends 在周末

  4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信;写信给某人

  5 .in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国

  6.pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目

  7.the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约

  8.speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎

  9.go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动

  二.重点句式:

  1 Where’s your pen pal from = Where does your pen pal from/

  2 Where does he live

  3 What language(s) does he speak

  4 I want a pen pal in China.

  5 I can speak English and a little French.

  6 Please write and tell me about yourself.

  7 Can you write to me soon

  8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.

  三.本单元的国家,人民、语言对应。

  1 Canada—- Canadian—- English / French

  2 France—— French——French

  3 Japan——Japanese—-Japanese

  4 Australia—-Australian—– English

  5 the United States—— American—- English

  6 the United Kingdom—British—– Enghish

  Unit 2 Where’s the post office

  一. Asking ways: (问路)

  1. Where is (the nearest) ……? (最近的)……在哪里?

  2. Can you tell me the way to ……? 你能告诉我去……的路吗?

  3. How can I get to ……? 我怎样到达……呢?

  4. Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood 附近有……吗?

  5. Which is the way to ……? 哪条是去……的路?

  二.Showing the ways: (指路)

  1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。

  2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。

  3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。

  4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。

  5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。(You’d better+动词原形)

  三.词组

  1. across from …… 在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面

  2. next to…… 紧靠…… next to the supermarket 紧靠超市

  3. between……and…… 在……和……之间

  between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间

  among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间

  4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.

  课室前面有棵树。

  in the front of…… 在……(内)的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.

  课室内的前部有张桌子。

  5. behind…… 在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面

  6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐

  on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边

  on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边

  7. go straight 一直走

  8. down /along…… 沿着……(街道) down/along Center Street 沿着中央街

  9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近

  10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到……

  11. take /have a walk 散步

  12. the beginning of…… ……的开始,前端

  at the beginning of…… 在……的开始,前端

  in the beginning 起初,一开始

  13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心,过得愉快

  我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday.

  I had a good time yesterday.

  I enjoyed myself yesterday.

  14. have a good trip 旅途愉快

  15. take a taxi 坐出租车

  16. 到达:get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家

  arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.

  arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.

  reach +地方

  17.go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路

  go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林

  18.on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street

  at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street

  三.重难点解析

  1.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣,喜爱做某事

  I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。

  到目前为止,我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy,都是要带 doing.

  I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。

  2.hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。

  hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。

  (从句即是一个小句子,这个小句子又放在大句子中,从属于大句子,所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句,它又放在I hope 的后面,形成句中有句。)

  3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。

  If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱,我就会去月球。

  If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.

  如果你饿了的话,你可以在超市买一些食物。

  四.本单元的反义词、近义词配对

  1new—old 2 quiet— busy 3 dirty— clean 4 big—- small

  Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears

  一.重点词组

  eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute

  play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals

  at night in the day every day during the day

  二. 交际用语

  1. Why do you like pandas Because they’re very clever.

  2. Why does he like koalas Because they’re kind of interesting.

  3. Where are lions from They are from South Africa.

  4. What other animals do you like

  I like dogs, too.

  Why

  Because they’re friendly and clever.

  5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.

  6. She’s very shy.

  7. He is from Australia.

  8.He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.

  9.He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.

  10.Let’s see the pandas first.

  11.They’re kind of interesting.

  12.What other animals do you like

  13.Why do you want to see the lions

  三. 重点难点释义

  1、kind of 有点,稍微

  Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。

  kind 还有“种类”的意思

  如:各种各样的 all kinds of

  We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.

  2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲

  China 和Africa都是专有名词,首字母都应该大写,而且和介词in连用。

  There are many kinds of tigers in China.

  There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.

  3、friendly adj. 友好的,和蔼可亲的

  它是名词friend的形容词形式,常常和be动词连用, be friendly。

  The people in Chengdu are very friendly.

  4、with prep. 跟,同,和…在一起

  I usually play chess with my father.

  注意区别与and的用法,and通常用于连接主语或宾语,连接主语时,

  如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后,如:

  My father and I usually play chess together.

  Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…”

  I often play with my pet dog.

  Don’t play with water!

  5、day和night 是一对反义词,day 表示白天或一天,night表示夜或夜晚。

  通常说in the day, during the day, at night。

  Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night.

  6、leaf n. 叶子

  复数形式为:leaves, 类似的变化还有:wife—wives, wolf—wolves,

  knife—knives等。

  7、hour n. 小时;点钟

  hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”, 即:an hour。

  There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.

  8、be from 来自…

  be from = come from

  Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.

  9、meat n. (食用的)肉,为不可数名词,表示“许多”时,使用much来修

  饰,即:much meat

  He eats much meat every day.

  10、grass n. 草,为不可数名词,表示“许多”时,使用much来修饰,即:much grass。

  There is much grass on the playground.

  四. 语法知识

  特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头,对某一具体问题进行提问。

  特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况:

  1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如:

  What’s your grandfather’s telephone number 你爷爷的电话号码是多少?

  Who is that boy with big eyes 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁?

  Which season do you like best 你最喜欢哪个季节?

  When is he going to play the piano 他什么时候弹钢琴?

  Where does he live 他住在哪儿?

  How are you 你好吗?

  How old are you 你多大了?

  How many brothers and sisters do you have 你有几个兄弟姐妹?

  2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如:

  Who is on duty today

  今天谁值日?

  Which man is your teacher

  哪位男士是你的老师?

  我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他?也是特殊疑问句,它是一种省略结构。

  例如:

  I like English. What/How about you 我喜欢英语。你呢?

  What about playing basketball 打篮球怎么样?

  Unit 4 I want to be an actor.

  一.短语:

  1 want to do sth 想要作某事

  2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人

  3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.

  4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home

  5 in the day 在白天

  6 at night 在晚上

  7 talk with/ to sb 和—-谈话

  8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.

  9 in a hospital 在医院l

  10 work/ study hard 努力工作

  11 Evening Newspaper 晚报

  二.重点句式及注意事项:

  1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what;有三种主要句式

  ① What + is / are + sb

  ② What + does/ do + sb + do

  ③ What + is/ are + 名词格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job

  2 People give me their money or get their money from me.

  3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.

  4 I like talking to people.

  5 I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.

  6 Where does your sister work

  7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.

  8 Do you want to work for a magazine Then come and work for us as a reporter.

  9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends

  10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.

  三. 本单元中的名词复数。

  1 policeman— policemen 2 woman doctor—– women doctors 3 thief—–thieves

  推荐你一本书《无敌语法》初中版。不错的。初中三年的语法都有。而且很好的

  agree with sb 同意某人的看法agree on sth 同意某事arrive at/in sp 到达某地ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事ask sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事be strict in sth 对某事要求严格be strict with sb 对某人要求严格decide to do sth 决定做某事dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事find sb do/doing sth 发现某人做某事finish doing sth 完成某事give sb sth 给某人某物give sth to sb 给某人某物have fun doing sth 做…很有趣help sb with sth 帮助某人某事help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事it’s time for sth 该做某事了it’s time for sb to do sth 该某人做某事了it’s time to do sth 该做某事了like doing/to do sth 喜欢做某事make sb do sth 让某人做某事mind (sb) doing sth 介意(某人)做某事pass sb sth 把某物递给某人pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人practice doing sth 练习做某事remember doing sth 记得做过某事remember to do sth 记得要做某事see sb do/doing sth 看见某人做某事show sb sth 给某人看某物show sth to sb 给某人看某物spend…(in) doing sth 花费…做某事spend…on sth 花费…在某物上 start doing sth 开始做某事start to do sth 开始做某事stop doing sth 停止做某事stop to do sth 停下来再做某事talk about sth 谈论某事talk to/with sb 与某人交谈tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事want sth 想要某物want to do sth 想要做某事want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事watch sb do/doing sth 看见某人做某事wish to do sth 希望做某事would like to do sth 想要做某事

  一、词法

  1、名词

  A)、名词的数

  我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:

  一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

  二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

  三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

  2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

  四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

  五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

  六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

  七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

  八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员

  九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

  十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡

  十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs

  十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

  B)名词的格

  当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用格形式。构成如下:

  一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

  二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节

  三)由and并列的名词时,如果是共同同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)

  2、代词

  3、动词

  A) 第三人称单数

  当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:

  一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

  二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes

  三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

  2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

  四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes

  五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has

  B) 现在分词

  当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:

  一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

  二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

  三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

  四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

  4、形容词的级

  我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:

  一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

  二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

  三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

  四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)

  good/well – better best many/much – more most  bad/ill – worse worst

  little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest

  5、数词 (基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

  Unit 1

  A: Hello. Whats your name

  B: My names Gina.

  A: Im Jim. Nice to meet you.

  B: Nice to meet you, too.

  A: Whats your phone number

  B: My phone number is 281-9176.

  Its 281-9176.

  Unit 2

  A: Excuse me, whats this in English

  B: Its an eraser.

  A: How do you spell it

  B: E-R-A-S-E-R.

  A: Is this your eraser

  B: No, it isnt. Its her eraser.

  Unit 3

  A: This is Mary.

  B: Is she your sister

  A: No, she isnt. She is my friend.

  B: Are these your parents

  B: Yes, they are.

  Unit 4

  A: Wheres my backpack

  B; I dont know. Is it under the table

  A: No, it isnt. Its on the dresser.

  A: Where are your keys

  B: Theyre in the drawer.

  Unit 5

  A: Lets play soccer.

  B: That sounds good.

  A: Do you have a soccer ball

  B: No, I dont.

  But I have two tennis rackets.

  A: Well, lets play tennis.

  B: That sounds interesting.

  A: Lets play soccer.

  B: That sounds good.

  A: Do you have a soccer ball

  B: No, I dont. But I have two tennis rackets.

  A: Well, lets play tennis.

  B: That sounds interesting.

  Unit 6

  A: What do you like for dinner

  B: I like broccoli.

  A: Do you like tomatoes

  B: No, I dont. I dont like tomatoes and carrots.

  A: Does your father like carrots

  B: Yes, he does.

  Unit 7

  A: Can I help you

  B: Yes, please. I want a sweater.

  A: What color do you want

  B: Blue.

  A: Here you are.

  B: How much is it

  A: 20 dollars.

  B: Ill take it. Thank you.

  A: Youre welcome.

  Unit 8

  ①A: When is your birthday, John

  B: My birthday is March 21st.

  Its March 21st.

  A: How old are you

  B: Im fifteen.

  A: When is Toms birthday

  B: His birthday is September 5th.

  ②A: What events do you have at your school

  B: We have music festival, sports meeting, basketball game, and so on.

  A: Do you have a speech contest at your school

  B: Yes, we do.

  A: When is the speech contest

  B: Its April 19th.

  A: Do you have an Art Festival

  B: No, we dont.

  Unit 9

  A: Do you want to go to a movie

  B: Yes, I do.

  A: What kind of movies do you like

  B: I like comedies and action movies.

  A: Do you like thrillers

  B: No, I dont.

  A: Why

  B: Because they are scary.

  Unit 10

  A: What club do you want to join

  B:I want to join the music club.

  A: Can you play the guitar

  B: Yes, I can.

  A: Can you play it well

  B: No, I cant.

  Unit 11

  A: When do you usually take a shower

  B: I usually take a shower in the evening.

  A: What time do you take a shower

  B: I take a shower at seven oclock.

  A: What time does Tim go to bed

  B: He usually goes to bed at around nine-thirty.

  Unit 12

  A: Whats your favorite subject

  B: My favorite subject is art.

  A: Why do you like art

  B: Because its very interesting.

  A: Who is your art teacher

  B: My art teacher is Mrs. Jones.

  A: When do you have art lesson

  一般现在时

  现在进行时

  特殊疑问句及答语

  一般疑问句及答语

  感叹句

  名词

  一般现在时

  正在进行时

  间接引语

  直接引语

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