雅思1答案

?雅思1答案：
　　The Triumph of Unreason

　　A.　　Neoclassical economics is built on the assumption that humans are rational beings who have a clear idea of their best interests and strive to extract maximum benefit (or “utility”, in economist-speak) from any situation. Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational. But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotions—even when reason is clearly involved.

　　B.　　The role of emotions in decisions makes perfect sense. For situations met frequently in the past, such as obtaining food and mates, and confronting or fleeing from threats, the neural mechanisms required to weigh up the pros and cons will have been honed by evolution to produce an optimal outcome. Since emotion is the mechanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes, evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases. But does this still apply when the ancestral machinery has to respond to the stimuli of urban modernity

　　C.　　One of the people who thinks that it does not is George Loewenstein, an economist at Carnegie Mellon University, in Pittsburgh. In particular, he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt. To prove the point he has teamed up with two psychologists, Brian Knutson of Stanford University and Drazen Prelec of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, to look at what happ

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　　10.the nucleus accumbens

　　11.high price appeared

　　12.product and price

　　13.separation

　　望！

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　　雅思考试分

　　为两种类型，学术类和培训类。这两种类型的考试均由听力、阅读、写作和口语四部分组成。其中，学术类和培训类的听力和口语使用相同的试题，阅读和写作使用

　　不同试题。前三部分考试(听力、阅读和写作)必须在同一天内完成。口语考试根据考点的情况可能会安排在其它三部分考试之前或之后。

　　洛阳大华雅思为您解答，信息匹配题命题特点

　　1. 绝对乱序

　　由于题目目的是将信息的细节与文中的段落进行配对，所以不可能按文章的段落顺序出题。

　　2. 完全同义转换

　　该题型是对原文的某一句话或者一段话进行的绝对的语言转述，极个别题目需要考生高度概括。这就增加了考生定位的难度，因为句子中没有明显的定位关键词。

　　3. 总位居文章的第一个题型

　　由于该题型也是考察考生对段落的理解，一般不会和段落标题配对题list of headings同时出现。

　　4. 考查细枝末节

　　所考查的内容几乎是非常细节化的信息，如一个人的身份或者事件发生的地点等

　　5. 有部分题目有重复选项

　　信息细节配对题往往有两种形式出现，一种是每个选项只选一次，另外一个就是在指令中往往有这样的hint: NB you may use any letter more than once. 如果出现这样的提示，说明某段落要重复使用。

　　信息匹配题的难点

　　考生在解答这种题型普遍存在的问题在于以下几点：

　　1. 不知道如何定位， 定位不准确

　　2. 不理解题干含义，并且看不懂题干中的生单词，造成无法找到定位关键词回原文进行同义转述

　　3. 看不懂文章内容，无法做题

　　如何应对信息匹配题

　　1. 对于后两种问题的症结其实在于词汇。词汇是准备阅读的基础。除了有足够的词汇量外，还要注意用英语解释英语，即辨析同义词的能力

　　2. 定位词难定位是段落信息细节配对的关键。弄清楚命题人的出题思路，这样回原文寻找对应的信息才有目的性。

　　在解题中，适合做定位关键词的普遍是特殊细节的名词，动词，形容词等

　　有些词是不适合做定位关键词：

　　① 表抽象概念的名词：idea, opinion, statement, role等

　　② 表概括性的词：如 the reason why, general,

　　③ 文章的主旨词

　　解题策略

　　了解这种题目的命题特点后，我们再来研究一下它的解题思路。

　　一.常规做题方法

　　1. 阅读题目，划出定位关键词

　　定位关键词能最大限度体现整个句子的核心，第一步对题目划出关键词，以达到对整个题目的核心的掌握。

　　例如C6 – Test3 – Passage 1 – Page 65这是一篇关于电影发展史的文章。

　　Q3 the speed with which cinema has changed

　　Q4 how cinema teaches us about other cultures

　　Q5 the attraction of actors in films

　　划线部分是定位关键词。关键词主要是以名词和核心动词为主，是句子的核心意思的浓缩。

　　2. 通读段落，依次寻找答案

　　根据从文章首段依次skimming 和scanning， 即段落依次清空，分别能找出对应的信息。粗略看

　　如以上的题目中，带着定位关键词回到原文寻读，在E段注意到第一句中有educate, 与题干中的teaches 属于同一语义场的词组， 而主语”one effect of this realism”以及第二句”For cinema makes the world smaller”显示电影的现实性的作用。并且其后的句子中贯穿了一系列的意义相关的词组: what other places looked like, how other people worked and lived, American imagery, the cities, the cowboys, American life and values,很显然都是组成culture的元素。所以根据分析确定Q4题干信息归属在E 段。同样的，在G 段第一句”the star”,与J段”And it has all happened so quickly”对应题干中的”actors”“so quickly”

　　通过这种做题方法可以对全文进行粗略的浏览，因此考生理顺了每段的主要大意，对解答后面的题目定位就会变得比较容易了。

　　二.结构阅读法+预测解题

　　由于雅思阅读文章一般都选自英美著名学术刊物，而这些学术性文章的一个特点就是结构比较相对稳定，即按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，如事件的发展顺序，因果顺序，总分顺序等。所以通过结构阅读，采取宏观看文章结构，微观找细节的方法，并联合对题干信息的预测来解答这种题型。

　　我们以剑桥5test 2 的文章为例，

　　Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-I.

　　Which paragraph contains the following information

　　Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.

　　14 a biological explanation of the teacher- subjects’ behaviour

　　15 the explanation Milgram gave the teacher-subjects for the experiment

　　16 the identity of the pupils

　　17 the expected statistical outcome

　　18 the general aim of sociobiological study

　　19 the way Milgram persuaded the teacher-subjects to continue

　　原文是一篇讲实验的文章。对于一篇实验性的文章，通常会按照”实验目的—–实验工具，对象，原理—-实验过程—-预期中的结果—–实验真正的结果—-结果分析，评价—-结果意义”这样的顺序展开。所以我们不难发现

　　14 结果分析(paragraph F)

　　15 实验目的(paragraph A)

　　16 实验对象(可能paragraph A or paragraph B)

　　17 预期实验结果 (paragraph D)

　　18 实验意义( paragraph I)

　　19 实验过程( paragraph D)

　　根据文章结构把每个题干的信息预测到哪个段落后，再微观寻找细节。其中第16题pupil 比较特殊，在paragraph B 中找到打引号的’pupil’,并且也说明了pupil 其实是’actor’.这样做题一方面在从全局上把握文章结构之余不遗漏细枝末节， 另一方面也提高了解答题目的准确率。

　　特别是在弄清楚学术类文章结构后，我们将有目的性的预测。具体来说，关于概念解释，身份介绍，概述，首次使用等相关的介绍一般位于文章开头一两段，对于结果，影响，意义，建议，未来的目标等相关题干信息一般出现在文章的结尾段。

　　比如Q 18 the general aim of sociobiological study(目标 → 原文尾段)

　　再如 C2 The motor car一文中Q17 the writer’s own prediction of future solutions(未来建议→文章末段)

　　通过对比题干信息与段落首末句关键词进行推测是解答这一题型的又一个关键。除此之外，还需要考生较高的同义转述的能力。比如高频出现的prediction 往往与anticipate, estimate, forecast, project进行转换。总之，在这一方法当中，结构，预测，同义转述的结合是解答段落信息细节配对的行之有效的方法。

　　总结

　　总之，雅思阅读信息匹配题的难点在于定位，解题关键在于对文章全局结构的把握和同义转述的能力。本质上就是在考查学术文章泛读的筛选信息，定位寻读的语言能力。从上述例子的研究和分析，我们也不难发现，如果考生词汇量太低，对于识别题目与文章的同义转述的关系不敏感，这样的话，任何技巧几乎是徒劳的。所以，想在这个题型上有所突破，一定要夯实英语语言基本功底和语言水平，这也是雅思阅读考试的目的。

　　你好，很高兴为你解答：

　　我建议你可以用真题当做练习题来使用，但是题型还是点变化的。

　　HOT TOPIC

　　1. Why parents would prefer to home school their children

　　Parents prefer to home school their children because it has been observed that children who are home schooled tend to be able to make it to international universities. Most people would be concerned about the child having an abnormal social life as he will not have any classmates when he is home schooled. Surprisingly, home schooled children seemed to be well rounded as compared to children who go to the traditional schooling. Parents can pay particular attention on the weakness of the child and focus on how to improve this when home schooling.

　　2. What are the advantages of Chinese education that you think should be passed on to the next generation

　　Chinese characters seem to be complicated, yet very interesting because each stroke and character has a meaning of its own. When a character is combined with another character, the meaning becomes different already. Chinese history is very rich in culture and values which are essential in one’s character and lifestyle. Sadly, not all the Chinese are lucky enough to be able to learn all these things.

　　3. Do you think that having a 9 year-compulsory schooling is enough to have a bright future

　　I am not convinced about the idea that a 9-year compulsory schooling is enough to have a bright future. It would really depend on the child’s emotional maturity, character, capacity, intellect and resilience to be able to have a bright future. Most of the tycoons that we know did not come from well to do backgrounds, thus some of them were not able to finish even the elementary level. A bright future is not only gauged on material gains, but on how much this individual has contributed for the benefit of those around him.

　　HOT TOPIC TWO Media

　　Media – Magazine, Newspaper, Radio, Television and Advertisement are all parts of Media. In the IELTS speaking test, there are a variety of questions comparing these different media types because it is considered to be the most powerful source of information that can straightly affect and influence people. Media is widely spread all over different places and countries. Most of the time it can change people’s way of life and way of thinking ,so examiners would like to know how you think and feel about it. Here are some examples of questions related to media in the IELTS speaking test.

　　1. Do you think that we should have censorship in TV programs

　　Yes, I think that we should definitely have censorship in TV programs. I speak not only for the children but for the adults as well. What we see on TV do affect our subconscious level more than we are actually aware of. X rated films and violent programs are major factors why crime and violence are very rampant in the world we are living in.

　　2. Why some people are willing to spend a lot of money in purchasing magazines

　　Magazines can be source of leisure yet can be informative as well that is why some people do not hesitate to splurge their money on these things. Through magazines, we can read about the life of some of our favorite celebrities. We get to also learn about practical tips about budgeting, fashion, improving our homes, etc. It is a source of entertainment where learning is fun and not forced.

　　3. What kind of influence can advertisement give to people

　　Advertisement either compels people to buy or refrain them from buying certain things or from doing certain actions without their conscious awareness. It is a very powerful tool to influence the mindset of people both young and old. All types of advertisement seem to have this kind of impact whether they are found on the billboards on the trains, buses and roads, whether they are found in the magazines or newspapers, and whether they are seen on TV. Advertisement has great power to boost or break a particular brand.

　　HOT TOPIC THREE Science and Technology

　　Science and technology – This is one of those things that is changing rapidly in the society. Computers, MP 4, appliances are all part of the development of Science and technology. Any kind of change about these things usually has a very strong impact on us, some positive and some negative. Questions about pros and cons about this topic are often asked by the examiners during the exam. And anything about science and technology can become a question in IELTS speaking test. Here are some example questions candidates should know.

　　HOT TOPIC FOUR Flat and House

　　Flat and House – The most “in” topic in the last quarter of the year 2009. It is actually also one of the hottest topics last year, the year 2008. The difference between house and flat are the most in demand question about this topic. To be able to answer the questions well, candidates should at least know the difference between the two and have opinions about each one of them. What kind of decorations, and things that can be found inside a house or apartment should also be known by the candidates who are preparing to take the test

　　HOT TOPIC FIVE Law

　　Law – This topic caused panic and anxiousness to the students in the first quarter and through the second quarter of this year. Because most of the students do not have anything to say about it. Plus, the fact that this topic needs a certain depth in both their language ability and knowledge to be able to conquer and answer the questions about law. In my opinion, students should know and be definite about the punishment of the law that they want to say. If not, or students are not sure of their knowledge, it is wise to give opinionated answers rather than giving information and details about it .Take note : There are no right or wrong in one’s opinion!

　　HOT TOPIC SIX Transportation

　　Transportation — Transportation topic in IELTS speaking test includes questions about bus, subway, train etc. Bicycle is often asked during the exam because it represents a strong culture of the Chinese people in terms of transportation. Examiners like to ask questions regarding special culture and means of lifestyle of a place. It is indeed a part of every one’s life.

　　HOT TOPIC SEVEN Pollution

　　Pollution – A huge problem in the society that should be solved immediately and that is why this topic is also tackled in IELTS speaking test. We are facing a variety of pollution problem such as air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution etc. Examiners would like to know how the candidates feel about this serious problem and methods to solve them .

　　HOT TOPIC EIGHT Population

　　Population – Population is indeed the biggest and worst problem of China. The effect of this problem is widely talked about in news, debates and even in IELTS oral exams. How to reduce the population is also one of the most important thing that people should care about. Adequate knowledge about questions regarding the negative effects of population and positive ways of solving this problem are necessary if you want to take the IELTS exam.

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机经是考鸭的回忆，不完全准确，但也有参考价值。

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另外还有这个：雅思学习资料汇总（雅思考试资讯、剑桥真题1-7下载、04-09年机经、最新预测、

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